Supplements containing all eight are generally referred to as a vitamin B complex.
Vitamin B1 - (thiamine)
Vitamin B2 - (riboflavin)
Vitamin B3 - (niacin)
Vitamin B5 - (pantothenic acid)
Vitamin B-1 (thiamine) is essential to energy production, metabolism of carbohydrates, and neurotransmitter function.B-1 is extremely sensitive to alcohol, sulfites, and tannins found in black tea and coffee; all will render B-1 ineffective.
It is water soluble and is not stored in any quantities in the body so this means you either have to supplement or eat foods known to contain natural B-1 such as: wholegrain cereals, breakfast cereals, bread, brown rice, nuts, seeds and pork.
Extreme B-1 deficiency, which is rare in most developed countries, causes beriberi, a syndrome whose symptoms include loss of muscle, mental confusion, elevated blood pressure, and edema.
Milder deficiencies can cause fatigue, depression, tingling or numbness in the extremities, and constipation.
Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) acts as a cofactor for enzymes involved in metabolism of protein, fat and carbohydrate essential processes in every cell in the body.
They are also cofactors for two important antioxidant enzyme systems glutathione peroxidase and xanthine oxidase.
Dairy products, such as milk, cheese, and yogurt, are excellent sources of riboflavin. B2 works with the other B vitamins and is important for body growth and red cell production. Similar to thiamine, it helps in releasing energy from carbohydrates.
A vitamin B2 deficiency might contribute to cataracts, so those who have suffered from cataracts in the past should consider a riboflavin supplement.
A sign of a riboflavin deficiency could be a hypersensitivity to light. This might cause the skin to become greasy, scaly, and dry.
B3 (niacin)Deficiency, along with a deficiency of tryptophan causes pellagra. In advanced cases, pellagra may lead to dementia and death. Its primary function is to metabolize food and provide energy for the body.
B3 is very effective at correcting high cholesterol and preventing or reversing heart disease. Another niacin feature is its ability to greatly reduce anxiety and depression.
Niacin is that it dilates blood vessels and creates a sensation of warmth, called a "niacin flush." This is often accompanied with a blushing of the skin. It is this "flush" or sensation of heat that indicates a temporary saturation of niacin. It will normally end in about 10 minutes.
Dr. Abram Hoffer, M.D., Ph.D says " It is difficult to predict a saturation level for niacin because each person is different.
As a general rule, the more you hold, the more you need. If you flush early, you don't need much niacin. If flushing doesn't happen until a high level, then your body is obviously using the higher amount of the vitamin."
Dr. Hoffer further says "A person's "upper limit is that amount which causes nausea, and, if not reduced, vomiting.
The dose should never be allowed to remain at this upper limit. The usual dose range is 3,000 to 9,000 milligrams daily divided into three doses, but occasionally some patients may need more. We do not know the toxic dose for humans since niacin has never killed anyone."
Vitamin B5 can be found in all living cells and, at least to some extent, in all foods. It helps the body extract energy from carbohydrates, fats, proteins, metabolize fats,produce red blood cells and hormones from the adrenal gland.
It could be useful in treating rheumatoid arthritis and is sometimes used to lower blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Since it is so plentiful, nutritionists don't really get very excited about it.
A deficiency in humans is very rare. In fact the word pantothenic (vitamin B5 is also know as pantothenic acid) comes from the Greek word pantos, meaning "everywhere".
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